Facts about Sri Lanka! Here, you'll find a wealth of information about this beautiful island, including its population, diverse religions, stunning natural landscapes, and much more. Explore interactive maps and discover fascinating insights that showcase Sri Lanka's rich culture and heritage. Whether you’re planning your visit or simply curious about this vibrant destination, this section provides essential facts to enhance your understanding of Sri Lanka.
Capital: Colombo
Population: 22 million
Area: 65,610 km2
Time Zone: UTC+5:30
Climate: Tropical
Languages: Sinhala, Tamil & English
Airport: CMB
Bandaranayake International Airport
Currency: Rupees, LRK
Population
Total Population: Approximately 22 million people (as of 2023). Population Density: About 340 people per square kilometer, making Sri Lanka one of the most densely populated countries in Asia. Demographics Age Distribution: A significant portion of the population is young, with a median age of around 32 years. Urbanization: Approximately 18% of the population lives in urban areas, with Colombo being the largest city and economic center. Ethnic Groups Sinhalese: About 75% of the population belongs to the Sinhalese ethnic group. Tamils: Around 15% are Tamils, primarily located in the northern and eastern regions of the country. Other Groups: The remaining 10% consists Burghers (of European descent), and other minorities. Religion Buddhism: Approximately 70% of the population are Buddhists. Hinduism: About 12% are Hindus, mainly Tamils. Islam: Muslims make up about 9%, while Christianity: Christians account for roughly 7% of the population. Language Sinhalese is spoken by the majority, followed by Tamil. English is widely used as a second language, especially in education and business. Education and Health Education: Sri Lanka has a high literacy rate of nearly 92%, with education being free and mandatory up to the age of 16. Healthcare: The country has a public healthcare system that offers free treatment, leading to improved health outcomes and life expectancy.
Currency & Money matters
Currency Official Currency: The currency of Sri Lanka is the Sri Lankan Rupee (LKR). Notes and Coins: The currency is available in denominations of notes (20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, and 5000 LKR) and coins (1, 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 LKR). Currency Exchange Exchanging Money: Currency can be exchanged at banks, authorized exchange bureaus, and hotels. Airports also offer exchange services, but rates may be less favorable. ATMs: ATMs are widely available in cities and tourist areas. Most accept international cards, offering a convenient way to withdraw cash in local currency. Credit and Debit Cards Usage: Credit and debit cards (Visa, MasterCard, and American Express) are accepted at many hotels, restaurants, and shops, especially in urban areas. Inform Your Bank: It’s advisable to inform your bank about your travel plans to avoid issues with card transactions. Tipping Common Practice: Tipping is appreciated but not mandatory. In restaurants, a tip of 10% is generally acceptable if service charges are not included. For guides and drivers, a small tip is also appreciated. Budgeting Cost of Living: Sri Lanka is considered relatively affordable for travelers. Daily expenses can vary widely based on lifestyle, from budget hostels to luxury hotels. Estimated Daily Budget: Budget Travelers: $20 - $50 Mid-range Travelers: $50 - $150 Luxury Travelers: $150 and above
Culture & Religion
Festivals Vesak: Celebrated in May, it commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and death of Buddha. It's marked by lantern displays, processions, and religious observances. Pongal: A Tamil harvest festival celebrated in January, featuring traditional food, music, and dance. Ramadan: Observed by Muslims with fasting and special prayers, culminating in the festival of Eid al-Fitr. Traditional Arts: Sri Lanka is known for its intricate handicrafts, including wood carving, batik, and pottery. Dance and Music: Traditional dance forms such as Kandyan and Low Country dances are integral to cultural celebrations. Music varies from folk to classical styles. Social Norms Hospitality: Sri Lankans are known for their hospitality. Guests are often treated with great respect and offered food and drink. Dress Code: Modest clothing is appreciated, especially in religious sites. It’s customary to remove shoes before entering temples. Traditional Customs Family Structure: Families are often close-knit, with strong respect for elders. Traditions and values are typically passed down through generations. Rituals and Ceremonies: Important life events such as weddings and funerals are celebrated with elaborate rituals and community involvement. Religion Sri Lanka is a multicultural and multi-religious society where several religions coexist and influence one another. The three largest religions on the island are Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam, along with a smaller but significant Christian population. Buddhism, the dominant religion, is primarily practiced by the Sinhalese people and has a profound impact on the country’s culture and traditions. Hinduism, mainly followed by Tamils, also has a rich history and significantly contributes to the cultural diversity. Islam and Christianity play important roles as well, with substantial communities adding to the social and cultural fabric. Despite differences in beliefs and practices, these religions often influence each other through shared festivals, art, and architecture. This interaction has fostered a unique religious and cultural identity in Sri Lanka, where dialogue and cooperation are central to promoting peace and understanding among diverse groups. In summary, Sri Lanka is a place where Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity coexist, creating a rich and complex religious mosaic characterized by both differences and shared values.
Nature
Tropical Rainforests Location: Primarily found in the southwestern region, particularly in the Sinharaja Forest Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Characteristics: Dense, lush vegetation with high humidity and rainfall. Home to a variety of endemic species, including birds, reptiles, and insects. Biodiversity: Known for its rich biodiversity, including rare flora such as giant trees and numerous medicinal plants. Dry Zone Forests Location: Spread across the northern and eastern parts of the island, including areas like Wilpattu National Park. Characteristics: These forests experience a distinct dry season and are composed mainly of deciduous trees that shed leaves during droughts. Wildlife: Home to diverse wildlife, including elephants and leopards, adapted to the drier conditions. Montane Forests Location: Found in the central highlands, particularly in regions like Horton Plains National Park and the Knuckles Mountain Range. Characteristics: Cooler temperatures and misty conditions lead to unique vegetation, including stunted trees and shrubs. Endemic Species: The montane forests are home to several endemic birds and plants, making them significant for biodiversity. Mangrove Forests Location: Coastal areas, especially in places like the Puttalam Lagoon and the Jaffna Peninsula. Characteristics: These forests thrive in saline coastal environments and provide critical habitats for various marine species. Ecological Importance: Mangroves act as natural barriers against coastal erosion and are vital for fish breeding grounds. Plantation Forests Location: Primarily in the central highlands, where tea, rubber, and coconut plantations are established. Characteristics: These forests are cultivated for economic purposes but contribute to the landscape and provide habitat for certain wildlife. Sustainable Practices: Many plantations are adopting more sustainable practices to minimize environmental impact. Conservation Efforts Protected Areas: Many of Sri Lanka’s forests are under protection through national parks and reserves, promoting conservation and sustainable use of resources. Community Involvemen: Local communities are often engaged in conservation efforts, recognizing the importance of forests for their livelihoods and the environment. Visiting the Forests Eco-Tourism: Many forests offer eco-tourism opportunities, including guided nature walks, birdwatching, and educational tours about the local ecosystem. Respecting Nature: Visitors are encouraged to respect the natural environment, follow park regulations, and minimize their impact while exploring.
Wildlife
Monkeys: The most common species are the toque macaque and the purple-faced langur. Where to Spot Them: Frequently seen in urban areas, parks, and near temples. They can be quite curious and may approach people, especially if food is present. Stray Dogs: You may encounter stray dogs, which are generally friendly but should be treated with caution. Local Dogs: Many locals have pet dogs that might be seen on the streets. Stray Cats: Like dogs, there are many stray cats in urban areas. They are usually unobtrusive but can often be found near restaurants or markets. Sacred Cows: Cows roam freely on the streets, particularly in rural areas. They are considered sacred in Hindu culture and should be given the right of way. Water Buffalo: These can also be seen, particularly in agricultural areas. Monitor Lizards Description: These large lizards can occasionally be spotted crossing roads or basking in the sun, especially near wetlands and forested areas. Behavior: Generally non-aggressive, but it’s best to observe them from a distance. Snakes Common Species: While not frequently seen in urban areas, snakes like the Indian cobra and rat snake may occasionally cross roads, especially in rural regions or near forests. Caution: Be cautious and avoid approaching any snakes you encounter. Mongoose Appearance: Mongooses resemble weasels and have long, slender bodies and short legs. They are typically gray or brown. Habitat: Often found in forests, grasslands, and near human settlements, they are common in national parks like Yala. Diet: Mongooses are known for preying on snakes, which helps reduce snake populations in their habitats. Their presence often indicates fewer snakes in the area. Behavior: Social and often seen in groups, they play an important ecological role by controlling pest populations. Birds Variety: Many bird species, including crows and mynas, are common in urban areas. You may also spot larger birds like peacocks in certain locations. Feeding: It’s common to see locals feeding birds in parks and open spaces. Safety Tips for Visitors Stay Alert: Always be aware of your surroundings, especially in areas where wildlife is common. Do Not Feed Animals: Feeding street animals can lead to aggressive behavior and disrupt their natural foraging habits. Respect Wildlife: Maintain a safe distance from any wild animals you encounter, and do not attempt to touch or provoke them. Road Awareness: Be cautious when walking or driving, as animals may unexpectedly cross the road.
Food & Beverage
Sri Lankan cuisine is a vibrant blend of flavors, influenced by its diverse cultures, history, and geography. Meals are typically aromatic and spicy, featuring a variety of ingredients like rice, lentils, vegetables, and an array of spices. Popular Dishes Rice and Curry: A staple dish that includes steamed rice served with several curries, such as dahl (lentils), vegetable curries, and meat or fish options. Kottu Roti: A popular street food made from chopped roti (flatbread) stir-fried with vegetables, eggs, and a choice of meat. Hoppers: Bowl-shaped pancakes made from fermented rice flour, often served with a variety of toppings, including eggs or sweet coconut milk. String Hoppers: Steamed rice noodles served with curry, sambol (spicy condiment), or coconut milk. Famous Spices Sri Lanka is renowned for its high-quality spices, which are integral to its cuisine: Cinnamon: Known as "Ceylon cinnamon," it is considered the finest in the world and adds a sweet flavor to both savory and sweet dishes. Cardamom: Often used in curries and desserts, it provides a unique aromatic flavor. Cloves: Used in various dishes, they add a warm and slightly sweet flavor. Curry Leaves: Essential for flavoring curries, these fragrant leaves are a staple in Sri Lankan cooking. Turmeric: Known for its vibrant yellow color and health benefits, it’s commonly used in curries and rice dishes. Pepper: Sri Lanka is one of the largest producers of black pepper, often used to enhance the spiciness of dishes. Street Food Street food is an integral part of the culinary experience. Look out for vendors selling: Samosas: Fried or baked pastry filled with spiced potatoes or meat. Vadai: Savory fritters made from lentils, often enjoyed as a snack. Fresh Coconut: Young coconuts are sold for their refreshing water and soft flesh. Beverages Ceylon Tea: Sri Lanka is famous for its high-quality tea. Don’t miss the opportunity to try different varieties, from black tea to flavored blends. King Coconut (Thambili): A popular local drink, known for its sweet and refreshing water. Arrack: A traditional spirit made from fermented coconut sap, often enjoyed as a cocktail or neat. Dining Etiquette Sharing Meals: Meals are often shared among family and friends. It’s common to see communal dining setups. Eating with Hands: Many locals eat with their right hand, especially when enjoying rice and curry. If you prefer utensils, it’s acceptable to use them. Tipping: Tipping is appreciated but not mandatory. A small tip for good service is customary. Health and Safety Drinking Water: It's advisable to drink bottled water and avoid tap water to prevent illness.
Traffic & Driving
Driving in Sri Lanka can be a unique experience, characterized by diverse road conditions and varied traffic patterns. Understanding the local driving culture and road infrastructure is essential for both safety and enjoyment. Road Conditions Urban Traffic: Major cities like Colombo and Kandy can experience heavy traffic congestion, especially during peak hours. Be prepared for delays and a bustling atmosphere. Narrow Roads: Many rural and suburban roads are narrow, making it essential to drive cautiously and be aware of oncoming vehicles. Unpaved and Rough Roads: Some areas may have unpaved or poorly under-maintained roads, which can be bumpy and challenging to navigate. Exercise caution when driving in these regions. Impact of Rain: Heavy rains can cause flooding and landslides, affecting road conditions. Be cautious during the monsoon season (May to September) and check local weather reports. Driving Side Left-Hand Traffic: In Sri Lanka, vehicles drive on the left side of the road. It’s important to be aware of this if you’re used to driving on the right. Driving Behavior Horn Usage: Honking is common and serves as a way to communicate with other drivers. It’s used to signal presence or intentions, so don’t be alarmed if you hear frequent honking. Overtaking: Be prepared for aggressive overtaking behavior. Drivers may pass on narrow roads, so stay vigilant and allow space for maneuvering. Pedestrians and Animals: Expect to encounter pedestrians, cyclists, and animals (such as cows and dogs) on the roads. Always yield to pedestrians and be cautious around animals. Road Signs and Navigation Road Signs: Familiarize yourself with local road signs, which may differ from those in your home country. Key signs include speed limits, warning signs, and directional signs. Navigation: GPS and navigation apps are widely used, but it’s also helpful to have a local map or to ask for directions when needed. Renting a Vehicle Rental Requirements: If you plan to rent a vehicle, ensure you have a valid international driving permit and understand the rental company’s policies. Chauffeur Services: Many tourists opt for hiring a car with a driver, which can provide a more relaxed travel experience and local insights. Safety Tips Seatbelts: Always wear your seatbelt, and ensure all passengers do the same. Avoid Distractions: Stay focused on the road, and avoid using your phone while driving. Emergency Contacts: Keep emergency numbers handy, including local police and medical services.
Transport
Sri Lanka offers a variety of transportation options, making it relatively easy to navigate the island. From public transport to private vehicles, travelers can choose the best method that suits their needs and budget. Public Transportation Buses Extensive Network: The bus system is extensive and covers most areas of the country. Buses are an affordable way to travel between cities and towns. Types of Buses: There are standard buses for local travel and luxury coaches for longer distances, often equipped with air conditioning. Trains Scenic Routes: Train travel is a popular option, especially for scenic journeys like the route from Kandy to Ella, offering stunning views of tea plantations and mountains. Comfort Levels: Trains range from basic third-class cars to more comfortable first-class options. Reservations are recommended for long-distance travel. Tuk-Tuks Local Transport: Tuk-tuks (three-wheeled auto rickshaws) are a common sight in urban areas. They are ideal for short distances and can navigate through traffic easily. Fares: Fares should be agreed upon before the ride, or you can use a meter if available. Apps like PickMe and Uber operate in some cities for added convenience. Private Transportation Car Rentals Self-Drive: Renting a car is an option, but it’s essential to have an international driving permit and be comfortable with left-hand driving. With Driver: Many tourists prefer renting a car with a driver, which provides local insights and eases navigation through busy roads. Taxis Availability: Taxis are available in urban areas and can be booked via apps like PickMe or Uber, offering a convenient way to get around. Domestic Flights Air Travel: For longer distances, domestic flights are available between major cities and tourist destinations, such as Colombo, Jaffna, and Hambantota. This can save time on longer journeys. Ferries and Boats Coastal Travel: In some areas, especially coastal regions, ferries and boats are available for transport, offering a unique way to explore islands and coastal attractions. Tips for Travelers Plan Ahead: While public transport is generally reliable, planning your routes and schedules in advance is advisable, especially for long-distance travel. Safety: Always prioritize safety, especially when using public transport. Keep your belongings secure and be cautious in crowded areas. Local Customs: Be respectful of local customs and practices while using transportation, such as giving up your seat to elders on buses and trains.
Economy
Sri Lanka’s economy is a mixed economy that has undergone significant transformation over the past few decades. The country is classified as a developing nation with a growing emphasis on services, agriculture, and manufacturing. Key Sectors Agriculture Importance: Agriculture has traditionally been the backbone of Sri Lanka’s economy, employing a significant portion of the population. Major Crops: Key agricultural products include tea, rubber, coconut, rice, and spices. Sri Lanka is particularly famous for its Ceylon tea, which is a major export. Industry Manufacturing: The manufacturing sector includes textiles and garments, which are among the largest export earners. The country is known for its high-quality clothing, especially in the global market. Other Industries: Other important industries include food processing, construction, and mining. Services Growing Sector: The services sector has seen substantial growth, contributing significantly to GDP. Tourism, finance, IT, and telecommunications are key areas within this sector. Tourism: Sri Lanka is becoming an increasingly popular tourist destination, attracting visitors with its natural beauty, wildlife, and cultural heritage. Trade Exports: Major exports include textiles, tea, rubber products, and spices. The country has trade agreements with various nations, enhancing its export capabilities. Imports: Key imports consist of petroleum products, machinery, food, and chemicals. The trade balance can sometimes result in a trade deficit. Economic Challenges Debt and Inflation: Sri Lanka has faced challenges related to public debt and inflation, which can impact economic stability. Political Instability: Political factors and governance issues have also affected economic growth and investor confidence. Recent Developments Economic Reforms: The government has been implementing reforms to boost investment, enhance infrastructure, and improve the business environment. Sustainability Initiatives: There is a growing focus on sustainable economic practices, especially in agriculture and tourism, to protect the environment and promote long-term growth.
